Portal de Lorca
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This is a significant step forward in the process of declaration of this technique as Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
The Councillor for Culture of the City of Lorca, Sandra Martinez, has reported that the municipality has taken a decisive step to make the art of embroidery lorquino be declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO, as has been the application of statement as a Cultural.
The mayor said that "the Easter of our city is a popular celebration unique, spectacular and a waste of art worthy of the highest consideration and protection by authorities and institutions. So we decided to take the path to the sample Highlights of our processions, as is the art of embroidery, is declared Intangible Heritage of Humanity. Just keep in mind that the only textiles that have earned to date are precisely the statement BIC Embroidery large jewelry belonging to Lorca Steps . now want to go further, claiming BIC statement not only specific pieces, but to the art of embroidery.'re talking about a technique that is still alive thanks to its staging in biblical processions, and has been refined over decades. endures today thanks to the workshops of the different brotherhoods workshops as well as individuals who embroider even other cities.
Martinez Navarro said that this is a breakthrough for our Holy Week as one of the most important points considered in UNESCO is that the candidates have the maximum protection in the community to which they belong, in our If it's about being listed as BIC.
Achieving this qualification will be a milestone for Lorca, and we will help to UNESCO.
The mayor of Culture explained that this record was made by the Association "Art Embroidery Lorca and staging parades biblical passion", an organization that promotes and defends the art of our embroidery, and are working to its declaration as Intangible Heritage of Humanity.
The document, filed with the Ministry of Culture of the Autonomous Community, called "Art Embroidery Lorca" reasoned explanations provides historical background, technical, leading authors, custody, conservation, exhibition and awards.
Sources Embroidery in Lorca.
The embroidery would be developed significantly during the late Middle Ages mostly in monasteries which supplied cloth wrought with silks and precious metals for both the needs of worship and for the courts of the various kingdoms of Spain.
Increased demand led to the art of embroidery pass to form a trade union character.
The gold embroidered Spanish scholarly tradition has released Lorca since for more than 150 years was incorporated as quirky decorative technique in dress and insignia of the groups participating in the biblical processions.
These works, known for their exceptional technical and aesthetic values, acquire real meaning during the procession, contributing with their colorful and brightness to the plasticity of the staging.
Embroidery is the result of a collective effort involving specialized in artistic directors, authors responsible for the design and supervision of works, and embroiderers, who bear the painstaking process of execution, a task that is delivered with particular passion.
Although lorquino embroidery acquires naturalized in the nineteenth century as a prominent element of courtship, their history in our city started centuries ago with the architects who left us with his works and teachings of the grounds on which it sits this tradition.
Five hundred Lorca was an important center of embroidery, as attested by sumptuary documents and clothes that have been preserved.
The Technique
In the process of realization of many embroideries are the knowledge and skills related to their development since the embroidery goes from being a cottage industry devoted to household work themselves, to become an art form where you need to master a number of processes:
a-Elaboration of projects.
The racks and measures, scaling, project deliveries in working areas and choice of materials (fabric type, colors, types of silk and gold).
Once the Artistic Director made the project drawing (drawing the character or biblical scene of the piece).
Firstly ornamentation is prepared, where the canvas is mounted or mantle base, which can be velvet or satin.
If it is worked on satin directly but in the case of velvet fabric is placed on the given silk stitches, since the fine velvet and can damage fragile silk thread.
b-silk embroidery.
The Artistic Director, outlined the drawing that will take part in tissue paper.
Once the sketch, is placed on top of the canvas and from there begin to embroiderers in silk embroidery nuanced according to the different types of embroidery points, permanent, transversal, radial and especially short point technique or Spanish Point Happy, patented by the author in 1918.
c-gold Canutillo.
Parallel to the improvement of silk embroidery, also introduced changes in the use of gold has finally been booked for the borders.
It basically uses the comb of gold on a base with extension for simple geometric motifs and classical affiliation seeking the greatest possible brilliance of these designs with the use of the three most common types of gold, gloss, matt and briscado, sometimes adding rhinestones and fake pearls.
Technique is also used in flat embroidery in gold or short point.
The embroidery thread is cut hollow gold comb of different sizes according to the point you have to give the drawing.
The Authors
The stage goes from early twentieth century until the Civil War (1936) has called "golden embroidery", because in those years emerged today taken by classical works, achieving a high degree of specialization and a clear distinction between the two embroidery workshops were currently active: the Ladies Association of Our Lady of Sorrows (in Step Blue) and the Choir of Our Lady the Virgin of Bitterness (the White Pass ), that he even received a grant from the Ministry of Education for its work in industrial crafts.
Leading workshops were two separate masters artists who are the architects of the differences between the workshops in regards to the technical side:
Cayuela Francisco Sánchez (1874-1933), was a renowned painter, beyond the borders of Lorca, certainly his fame is due to his cooperation in the realization of artistic embroidery for major cultural event in the city of the sun, its parades biblical passion.
Notably another as height of his artistic production, no doubt, is the blue mantle of Our Lady of Sorrows of Lorca.
As an artist did not simply follow lines proposed by other artists, hence create a School that have passed by artists have contributed much to the art of embroidery Lorca, as Emiliano Red Banner Script author Paso Blue, Manuel Muñoz Barberán, Joaquin Ruiz Guzman and others.
Coinciding with the early years of the twentieth century, leading the artistic direction of the Brotherhood of Labradors, Paso Blue and his school workshop completes the work that would mark a change of three hundred sixty degrees in conducting embroidery, which involved the creation of that school, the beginning of a new era of artistic achievement to date mantles remain paradigm to follow throughout Spain.
It also marked the birth of what is known by art historians lorquino Embroidery golden age "that comes with the implementation of the Mantle of Our Lady of Sorrows of Lorca, first made entirely in silk robe. Years later, he became Director Drawing Academy of Lorca, a position he accepted in order to train future artists. A Drawing Academy said were linked Lorca other artistic directors of the Steps, as Rebollo Zamora, Emilio Antonio Happy or Happy.
Happy Emilio (1879-1948) was a draftsman who had an excellent command of artistic design, work for the White Pass taking known models of famous painters and sculptors, performing in those creations by Iconography Skin point devised by him.
The short point called Spanish or Spanish Point Happy, and was based on the mode of opposite points, including points within the system counted.
Demanded this a very thorough initial technical approach that separated each color zone.
This framework would be filled with a precise little stitches that did not support further clarifications.
This form of embroidery known since antiquity as "upholstery manual" required great discipline from the embroiderers and, apparently, was somewhat slower than indefinite point technique.
Completed in 1928 the whole of the Virgin of Sorrows, White Pass holder, has not returned to embroider with any other piece that point.
Source: Ayuntamiento de Lorca
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